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Important Things to Know
About 802.11ac and 802.11ad
Very High Speed Wireless Technology

YES - The 802.11ac and 802.11ad standards both specify data rates approaching
7 Gbps (Gigabits/second). The two standards are actually quite different and compliment each other's capabilities.

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Evolution of the 802.11 Standards

802.11ac and 802.11ad both specify connection rates close to 7Gbps (gigabits per second). That's significantly higher than the 600 Mbps specified by 802.11n. In all cases, however, actual user throughput will never achieve the specified maximum connection rates. Consider that although 802.11n specifies 600 Mbps with 40 MHz channels and 4 MIMO spatial streams there are no 4-stream 802.11n radios, most people don't use 40 MHz channels and a good 802.11n client device connection may yield 50 Mbps of actual TCP/IP throughput. We'll see similar scenairos in the 802.11ac and 802.11ad world although the end result will be much higher throughput and capacity than 802.11n.

To fully understand what 802.11ac and 802.11ad bring to the marketplace you have to understand where these standards came from and how they build on and differ from their predecessors. This discussion of 802.11ac and 802.11ad will assume that you've gone through the 802.11n section and you've gained an understanding of MIMO (Multiple Input / Multiple Output).

To understand 802.11ac and 802.11ad you should first have a solid understanding of 802.11n. Click the button above to go to the 802.11n tutorial section

 

 

  
802.11ac is a natural evolutionary step from 802.11n, sharing many of the same underlying technology. 802.11ad is a side-branch of the tree because it operates in the 60 GHz band, it does not utilize MIMO and it transmits with lower modulation rates but in very wide channels compared to 802.11n. The 802.11ac and 802.11ad standards provide different types of service to the user community and are considered complimentary as opposed to competing standards.

 

The 1 Gigabit/Second Speed Limit

THIS IS FUNDAMENTALLY SIGNIFICANT

The first rule of 802.11ac and 802.11ad is: You can't move data across your Ethernet network at speeds greater than 1 Gbps.

When two wireless devices communicate through a single 802.11ac or 802.11ad access point they'll be limited only by their own capabilities. When a wireless device communicates through an access point to a destination that's reached across the wired Ethernet infrastructure the bottleneck is going to be the Ethernet itself. Even the best Category 6e shielded cable only provides Gigabit Ethernet speeds (1000 Mbps) - significantly less than the close to 7 Gbps specified by 802.11ac and 802.11ad.

  

 
 
The following tutorial provides a broad (but often detailed) perspective on 802.11ac and 802.11ad technology.
START READING SECTION 1 HERE
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Tutorial Topic Sections
Intended to be read in sequence
1 - Establishment of the 802.11ac and 802.11ad Standards 6 - QAM Modulation and OFDM Symbols
2 - Transmit Output Power 7 - Comparing 802.11ac and 802.11ad QAM and OFDM Implementation
3 - Oxygen Absorption of RF at 60 GHz 8 - Real-World Expectations for 802.11ac and 802.11ad
4 - Channel Width and Guard Interval 9 - Antenna Differences: Beamsteeering, Gain and Range
5 - MIMO and Implementation of Multiple Spatial Streams 10 - Overall Perspective and Conclusions